Smart cities, a fusion of technology and data, bring forth a new era of connectivity and innovation. However, this interconnectedness also introduces a new frontier of cybersecurity threats.   

The open nature of smart cities makes them enticing targets for cybercriminals. As cities become more reliant on technology, the risk of disruptions, financial loss, and data breaches increase.   

Hackers can manipulate smart valves in wastewater systems, resulting in biohazard spills.   

Data generated by devices like smart parking garages, EV charging stations, and surveillance feeds is a prime target for identity theft.    

A denial-of- service attack (DoS attack) attempts to render a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.   

Device hijacking attacks can be difficult to detect because in many cases, the attacker does not alter the basic functionality of the device. In the context of a smart city, a cyber-criminal could exploit hijacked smart meters to launch ransomware attacks on Energy Management Systems.